Heilung, Prävention und Verjüngung durch Ernährung » Brunnenkresse

Laut Studie: Das ist das gesündeste Lebensmittel der Welt
Diverse Gemüsesorten führen die Liste der Top-Lebensmittel an. Ganz vorne mit dabei: Chinakohl, Spinat und... Brunnenkresse? Richtig gelesen – bei dem Wildkraut handelt es sich um ein richtiges Kraftpaket. Das sind seine Benefits.

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Laut Studie: Das ist das gesündeste Lebensmittel der Welt
Diverse Gemüsesorten führen die Liste der Top-Lebensmittel an. Ganz vorne mit dabei: Chinakohl, Spinat und... Brunnenkresse? Richtig gelesen – bei dem Wildkraut handelt es sich um ein richtiges Kraftpaket. Das sind seine Benefits.
Grünes Blattgemüse wie Spinat, Mangold und Chinakohl ist äußerst nährstoffreich. Übertroffen werden sie jedoch von einem Lebensmittel, welches man wohl eher nicht auf dem Schirm hat: der Brunnenkresse.
Damit führt das Power-Kraut die Liste der 41 gesündesten Obst- und Gemüsesorten an, welche von Jennifer Di Noia, eine Professorin an der William Paterson University, erarbeitet wurde.

Die Auflistung der nährstoffreichsten Lebensmittel
Die Auflistung, die in der Fachzeitschrift 'Preventing Chronic Disease' veröffentlicht wurde, bietet einen Einblick in die nährstoffreichsten Lebensmittel der Welt.
Diese sind geordnet nach den Mengen von 17 Nährstoffen. Darunter Ballaststoffe, Kalium und Protein, Vitamin B12, Vitamin A und D sowie Calciumfolat.
Die Lebensmittel wurden dazu nach einem speziellen Schema gewichtet. Bei diesem wurde der Anteil der wertvollen Inhaltsstoffe ins Verhältnis zur Kalorienanzahl gesetzt. Je höher der Wert, desto gesünder und für unsere Ernährung wertvoller ist die Pflanze.
Brunnenkresse ist das einzige Lebensmittel, das es schafft, pro Verzehr von 100 kcal wirklich 100 Prozent des täglichen Bedarfs der Nährstoffe zu decken.
Damit stellt sie andere Kraftpakete wie Chinakohl (91,99%), Mangold (89,27%) und auch Spinat (86,43%) in den Schatten.

Brunnenkresse – das Allroundtalent
Dass Brunnenkresse sich den ersten Platz der Rankings gesichert hat, kommt nicht von ungefähr. Es vereint nämlich viele Nährstoffe, die alle einen erheblichen Teil zu unserer Gesundheit beitragen.
Neben einer erheblichen Menge Eisen, Kalzium und Vitamin C kommen noch 14 wichtige Vitamine, Mineralien, Antioxidantien und sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe hinzu, die sogar effektiv gegen Krankheiten sind.
Die Vitamine A und C schützen vor Infektionen und stärken das Immunsystem, Kalzium, Kalium und Magnesium unterstützen den Knochen- und Muskelaufbau und Vitamin K kann sogar Zellschäden im Gehirn vorbeugen.
Doch es kommt noch besser: Die Antioxidantien schützen dich vor DNA-Schäden und können so das Risiko für verschiedene Krebsarten minimieren.

Hilfestellung für die Verbraucher
Generell empfiehlt es sich, beim Kochen auf wertvolle Zutaten zu setzen. "Hochwertige Lebensmittel liefern mehr Nährstoffe pro Kalorien", erklärt Di Noia in einer Pressemitteilung.

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https://www.focus.de/gesundheit/gesundle...d_10791692.html
https://www.gq-magazin.de/body-care/arti...mittel-der-welt

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Die Echte Brunnenkresse oder Brunnenkresse (Nasturtium officinale), auch Wasserkresse genannt, ist eine als Gemüse verwendete Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Brunnenkressen (Nasturtium) der Kreuzblütengewächse (Brassicaceae).

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Verwendung

Küche
Die Echte Brunnenkresse besitzt einen frischen, leicht scharfen Geschmack, der durch das Senfölglykosid Gluconasturtiin verursacht wird. Er erinnert geschmacklich an die verwandte Gartenkresse. Verwendung findet Brunnenkresse wie Gartenkresse in Suppen und Salaten.[23] Zum Garnieren von Sandwiches, zu Steaks[26] und besonders schmackhaft mit rohem Spinat eignet sie sich ebenfalls. Zum Trocknen und als Gewürz eignet sich Brunnenkresse nicht, weil sie dann fast keinen Geschmack mehr hat.[2] Allerdings gibt es in Belgien ein Craftbeer aus Brunnenkresse namens La Cress, das in Tongern gebraut wird.

Inhaltsstoffe
Die Echte Brunnenkresse enthält Bitterstoffe, Gerbstoffe, Zucker, Ätherische Öle, Raphanol, Vitamine A, B1, B2, C und E, und Mineralstoffe wie Eisen, Iod, Phosphor, Calcium. Sie war ehemals ein wichtiger Vitamin-C-Lieferant durch die schon im Winter mögliche Ernte.[24]
Lagerung

Da die Brunnenkresse sehr an feuchte Bedingungen gewöhnt ist, hält sie nur einen Tag bei Zimmertemperatur und muss bald verzehrt werden. In Folie eingepackt und im Kühlschrank bei 3 bis 5 °C gelagert kann sie eine Woche aufbewahrt werden.[23]

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Medizinische Bedeutung
Volksmedizin
Diese alte Heilpflanze gilt als Aphrodisiakum und appetitanregend, stoffwechselfördernd, harn- und wehentreibend. In der Naturheilkunde wird sie für die „Entschlackung“von Leber, Lunge und Magen empfohlen.[11] Außerdem soll sie bei Zuckerkrankheit Diabetes mellitus helfen. Sie wird bei Frühjahrskuren und gegen Rheuma verwendet. Äußerlich angewendet dient sie als Haartonikum und zur Teintklärung. Schon im 17. Jahrhundert galt die Brunnenkresse wegen ihres Vitamin-C-Gehaltes als geschätztes Mittel gegen Skorbut.[30] Dass dies jedoch ein Irrtum war, ist schon durch die Tatsache bewiesen, dass Brunnenkresse, wie auch das ebenso verwendete Löffelkraut, nur an Land gegen Skorbut angewendet werden konnte, wo auch gleichzeitig frische und ausgewogenere Nahrung verfügbar war.[31] Brunnenkresse ist auch wegen seiner angeblichen blutreinigenden und blutaufbauenden Wirkung bekannt.[21] Zusätzlich wird sie als entzündungshemmend für die Mundschleimhaut empfohlen.[26]

Homöopathie
In der Homöopathie findet Nasturtium officinale Verwendung.[32] Die zugeschriebene Wirkung besonders gegen Harnwegsinfektionen ist jedoch wissenschaftlich nicht bestätigt.

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https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echte_Brunnenkresse#Verwendung

Brunnenkresse verbessert zumindet bei Ratten die Antioxidative Kapazität und die Lipidwerte:
Nasturtium officinale reduces oxidative stress and enhances antioxidant capacity in hypercholesterolaemic rats
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Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (Brassicaceae) has been used as a home remedy by the people of south eastern (SE) region of Iran as a medicinal plant. This therapeutical application has been attributed to Nasturtium officinale (N. officinale) antioxidant capacity which is mostly tested by means of cell-free assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In addition, the antioxidant effect of N. officinale extract has been investigated in hypercholesterolaemic rats in vivo. The results revealed that the extract has notable scavenging activity against DPPH radicals as well as potent reducing power in FRAP assay. Intragastric administration of N. officinale (500 mg/kg body weight per day) to groups of hypercholesterolaemic rats for 30 days lowered their blood total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by 37, 44 and 48%, respectively. However, the blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the same treated rats increased by 16%. To evaluate the mechanism(s) of action, we studied the antioxidative potential of N. officinale extract in terms of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and also the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver tissues. In addition, hepatic tissue malondialdehyde level (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation) was also determined. Under hypercholesterolaemic condition, hepatic MDA was increased. Moreover, our data indicated GSH depletion along with significant reduction in the activities of CAT and SOD in rats fed high-fat diet rats. On the other hand, significant elevation in the activities of GPx and GR were seen in the same group of rats. Treatment of hypercholesterolaemic rats with N. officinale extract significantly increased the GSH level along with enhanced CAT and SOD activities in liver tissues. Furthermore, N. officinale extract significantly decreased hepatic MDA as well as GPx and GR activities in plant-treated rats. Based on our data, it can be concluded that N. officinale has a high hypolipidaemic activity and this may be attributed to its antioxidative potential.

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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18325487/

Hier eine Studie die nahe legt, dass Brunnekresse mit Qercetin die Leber vor Schäden schützen kann.
Protective effect of Nasturtium officinale R. Br and quercetin against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32533401/

Außerdem wirkt es auch generell anti-Inflammatorisch:
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. effectively reduces the skin inflammation induced by croton oil via glucocorticoid receptor-dependent and NF-κB pathways without causing toxicological effects in mice
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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Inflammatory skin diseases treatments currently used cause adverse effects. Nasturtium officinale (watercress) is used popularly as an anti-inflammatory. However, until now, no study proved its effectiveness as a topical treatment to inflammatory skin diseases. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of N. officinale crude extract leaves (NoE) on an irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) model croton oil-induced in mice was investigated.

Materials and methods: ICD models were induced by a single (1 mg/ear; acute) or repeated (0.4 mg/ear; chronic; 9 days total) croton oil application. NoE and dexamethasone solutions' (diluted in acetone; 20 μL/ear) or NoE gel, dexamethasone gel and base gel (15 mg/ear) were topically applied immediately after croton oil application. The NoE topical anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated for inflammatory parameters (ear edema, inflammatory cells infiltration, and inflammatory cytokines levels). NoE topical anti-inflammatory mechanism (NF-κB pathway and effect glucocorticoid-like) were assessed by western blot and ear edema analyses, respectively. UHPLC-MS/MS chromatography, gels accelerated stability and preliminary study of adverse effects was also performed.

Results: UHPLC-MS/MS of the NoE revealed the presence of coumaric acid, rutin, and ferulic acid. NoE gels stability study showed no relevant changes at low temperature. NoE, dexamethasone, NoE gel and dexamethasone gel inhibited the ear edema croton oil-induced by 82 ± 6% (1 mg/ear), 99 ± 1% (0.1 mg/ear), 81 ± 8% (3%) and 70 ± 6% (0.5%) for the acute model, and 49 ± 7% (1 mg/ear), 80 ± 4% (0.1 mg/ear), 41 ± 8% (3%) and 46 ± 14% (0.5%) for the chronic model, respectively. The same treatments also reduced the inflammatory cells infiltration by 62 ± 3% (1 mg/ear), 97 ± 2% (0.1 mg/ear), 60 ± 3% (3%) and 66 ± 6% (0.5%) for the acute model, respectively, and 25 ± 8% (1 mg/ear) to NoE and 83 ± 13% to dexamethasone to the chronic model. NoE and NoE gel reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (acute ICD model) by 62 ± 5% and 71 ± 3% (MIP-2) and 32 ± 3% and 44 ± 4% (IL-1β), while dexamethasone solution's and gel reduced by 79 ± 7% and 44 ± 4% to MIP-2 and 98 ± 2% and 83 ± 9% to IL-1β, respectively. NoE' and dexamethasone' solutions inhibited the reduction of IkB-α protein expression induced by croton oil by 100% and 80 ± 14%, respectively. Besides, the mifepristone (glucocorticoid receptor antagonist) pre-treatment prevented the topical anti-edematogenic effect of NoE' and dexamethasone' solutions by 61 ± 5% to NoE and 78 ± 16% to dexamethasone. The repeated topical application of NoE did not cause adverse effects.

Conclusion: Our results suggest the N. officinale use in the cutaneous inflammatory process treatment and demonstrate the NoE potential to develop a promising topical anti-inflammatory agent to treat inflammatory disorders.

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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30339978/

In vivo anti-inflammatory properties of aerial parts of Nasturtium officinale
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Context: Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (watercress) has long been used in Iranian folk medicine to treat hypertension, hyperglycemia, and renal colic. Moreover, anticancer, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties of N. officinale have been reported.

Objective: In this study, anti-inflammatory activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract from aerial parts of N. officinale was investigated.

Materials and methods: Oral administration of the hydro-alcoholic extract of N. officinale (250, 500 and 750 mg kg(-1)) was investigated on two well-characterized animal models of inflammation, including carrageenan- or formalin-induced paw edema in rats. Then, the topical anti-inflammatory effect of N. officinale (2 and 5 mg/ear) was studied on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema. Finally, biopsy of the paw or ear was performed for pathological evaluation.

Results: Acute toxicity tests of N. officinale in rats established an oral LD50 of >5 g kg(-1). The extract of watercress (250, 500 and 750 mg kg(-1)) significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after carrageenan challenge (p < 0.001). The extract (500 mg kg(-1)) also showed considerable activity against formalin-evoked paw edema over a period of 24 h (p < 0.001). Furthermore, topical application of N. officinale (5 mg/ear) reduced TPA-induced ear edema (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, the extract decreased swelling and the tissue damage induced by carrageenan or TPA.

Discussion and conclusion: Our findings indicate potent anti-inflammatory activity of N. officinale in systemic and topical application and propose its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent for treatment of inflammatory conditions.

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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24160746/

Phytochemical and Biological Activity Studies on Nasturtium officinale (Watercress) Microshoot Cultures Grown in RITA®Temporary

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Immersion SystemsAbstract: The main compounds in both extracts were gluconasturtiin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and rutoside, the amounts of which were, respectively, determined as 182.93, 58.86 and 23.24 mg/100 g dry weight (DW) in biomass extracts and 640.94, 23.47 and 7.20 mg/100 g DW in plant herb extracts. The antioxidant potential of all the studied extracts evaluated using CUPRAC (CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Activity), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma), and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays was comparable. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was tested based on the inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and phospholipase A2. The results demonstrate significantly higher inhibition of COX-2 for in vitro cultured biomass compared with the herb extracts (75.4 and 41.1%, respectively). Moreover, all the studied extracts showed almost similar antibacterial and antifungal potential. Based on these findings, and due to the fact that the growth of in vitro microshoots is independent of environmental conditions and unaffected by environmental pollution, we propose that biomass that can be rapidly grown in RITA®bioreactors can serve as an alternative source of bioactive compounds with valuable biological properties.

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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33187324/

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Nasturtium officinale involved in attenuation of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity
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Background and purpose: Gentamicin (GM) is used against bacterial infections. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the role of inflammation and also oxidative damage in nephrotoxic potential of GM and protective effects of Nasturtium officinale (watercress) against GM-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats.

Material and methods: The animals were divided into eight groups: control, solvent, GM (80 mg/kg IP), GM with three doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/d) of hydroalcoholic extract of watercress and one group only received high dose of extract and a group which received GM plus vitamin E for 10 consecutive days. Then, the animals were killed and kidney tissues were separated. Finally reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) content, lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl (PCO), nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were evaluated. Also, pathological examination and measuring of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were done.

Results: The administration of GM for 10 d resulted in an increase in kidney markers (BUN and Cr) and pathological changes in kidney tissue. Also, oxidative stress was evident in GM group by increased ROS, LPO and PCO level and GSH oxidation. Increased in inflammation process was shown by increase in NO and TNF-α. Administration of watercress extract was able to protect against deterioration in nephrotoxic markers and suppressed the increase in oxidative stress and inflammation markers.

Conclusions: Our study showed the critical role of oxidative damage and inflammation in GM-induced nephrotoxicity that markedly inhibited by administration of watercress. Therefore, watercress can be suggested for prevention of GM-induced nephrotoxicity.

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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27825290/