Verschiedenes » Präsentation von Vince Giuliano

Hier eine sehenswerte PowerPoint-Präsentation, welche die persönliche Sicht von Vince Guilliano gut illustriert:
http://www.anti-agingfirewalls.com/__one...ienceaging.pptx

3 Jahre später: Jetzt wechselt auch Vince Giuliano in das Camp der programmieren Alterung.
Diese Erkenntnis war ja auch überfällig, wenn man sich so intensiv mit der Thematik beschäftigt wie er...

Seine Argumentation ist sehr lesenswert:

"WHAT IS THE NATURE OF AGING?

1.I believe aging (speaking primarily about biological aging) is a species specific lifelong molecular program which takes into account stochastic environmental conditions. It starts with conception and ends with death. Aging is not the consequence of random damage nor is it simply a pseudo program, the consequence of vestigial developmental programs that fail to shut down. There might well, however, be one master program for each species that governs both development and aging, and governs several other aspects of life for that species as well. And vestigial pseudo progams may be part of the overall aging program, like mTOR expression failing to wind down in older people. I refer to biological aging as a “program” because aging is highly regulated and comes to a deterministic conclusion, ie. You die with certainty before the maximum age for your species. Note that I am not saying that the code for this program is separable from the code for other biological programs that govern a live organism. What I am saying is that aging behaves like a program and therefore is likely one, even if we are not completely sure how the program works. It is clear that human embryogenesis and early development are governed by programs, ones that exercise an incredible degree of regulation. Programmatic regulation of life is essential and continues at all ages, including providing multiple forms of homeostasis. Even advanced aging is similarly highly regulated. Further:

◾All living species of all kinds have maximum known lifespans, without exception, Nothing ever lives beyond the maximum age for its species. Although stochastic variables exist in the aging program, the program itself is deterministic, surely leading to death.
◾The age-vs mortality curves for members of species do not represent those which would exist if aging was caused by random damage or any other random process. It they did we would have a tiny handful of 600+ year old people and 75 year-old house cats, 100 year old dogs and 15 year-old mice. The same would be true if aging was the result of randomly-operating vestigial developmental programs. More precisely, the statistical distribution for any random process results in a Poissonian distribution curve, one with an infinitely long tail. The same is true for distributions representing combinations of random process. The lifespan curves for all species have cut-off tails.
◾DNA methylation provides lifelong clocks that can predict BA. DNA methylation is a clear indication of one or more of the critical subroutines of aging, is one of the three major epigenetic mechanisms for gene activation and silencing ,and appears to act as a major causal factor in the overall program of aging., See Jim Watson’s blog entry Aging, health and disease – view from the DNA Methylome. Also, see this list of other entries in this blog related to DNA methylation.
◾Over history and also in recent decades there has been a steady increase in average expected human lifespan – by around 4 months for each passing years now in Western societies(ref). This increase appears to be due to constant epigenetic remodeling. It is not known whether maximum human lifespan is experiencing a similar increase.
◾In terms of classical evolutionary biology going back to Darwin, nature cares a lot about the preservation of a species, much less about the preservation of members of that species. In fact it has long been thought that there is generally an evolutionary advantage to pruning out the old so they are not competing with the young for resources. Both the Antagonistic Pleiotropy and The Disposable Soma therories explain aging as nature being indifferent to organisms after reproductive age.
◾To understand the nature of aging, the best place to start is by considering the most ancient of evolutionary-conserved pathways, ones at least 500 million years old going back to the pre-Cambrian period and before(ref). In the course of evolutionary history, very early on nature had to decide how to handle life, reproduction, death and the preservation of species. Once evolution found a good solution to a problem, It tended to re-use that solution in descendant species. Aging and death of members of a species was one of the first great problems dealt with and solved – and those ancient solutions are still built-in within us.
◾Nature cares for the preservation of life even more than for the preservation of species which can come and go. So nature provides mechanisms for accelerating the evolution of any species when its members are too stressed out. See the blog entry Transposable DNA elements – Part 3 TEs and and other key mechanisms of evolution: incRNAs, A to I editing, alternative splicing and exonization. It is about how a mechanism of greatly accelerated evolution kicks in when stress on an organism gets too great.

2.The human aging program is inexorable and act ever-more powerfully with advancing age until it kills.
◾Only one person in 250,000 lives to 105 years old
◾Only one person in five million lives to 110 years old
◾Nobody ever lives to be beyond 123 years old

3.The program operates differently at different phases of life, though there is little data on this
◾Factors related to longevity and what kills organisms are different for different periods in their life cycles. For humans, for example, environmental and epigenetic factors seem to be the most important factors for staying alive for people in their 60s through 80s, while genetic composition is thought to be most important for centenarians,
◾The program for humans may vary somewhat by ethnicity and other factors in now-unknown ways.
◾My guess is that the aging program for humans contains one or more “cleanup” routines that sense age, probably from a DNA methylation clock, and starts to kill you around some preset age, say around 115, if nothing else has killed you by then.

4.Different species have different aging programs. Mice live typically from 1 to 3 years depending on species and environmental conditions, small bats live to about 20 years on the average, and naked mole rats can live up to 31 years. Yet, all three of these kinds of animals have similar weights and look a lot alike.

5.The information repository for aging that drives the aging program is most likely epigenetic information in the nuclii of cells including DNA methylation status and state of chromatin ordering.

6.Circadian clocks seem to play important roles in epigenetic regulation and biological aging(see this reference list).

7.Although the overall molecular program of aging is still poorly understood, we do know important things about some key subroutines in that program for humans.
◾These subroutines relate to key molecular pathways including those associated with mTOR, IGF-1, NAD, REDOX states, and there are probably others in addittion
◾The subroutines associated with these pathways in turn affect the DDP conditions mentioned above
◾Insight is being gained on how these subroutines interact so as to affect aging is rapidly growing though still primitive."

http://www.anti-agingfirewalls.com/2017/07/01/on-aging/