Associations between Circulating Biomarkers of One-Carbon Metabolism and Mitochondrial D-Loop Region Methylation Levels
ZitatBackground/Objectives: One-carbon metabolism is a critical pathway for epigenetic mechanisms. Circulating biomarkers of one-carbon metabolism have been associated with changes in nuclear DNA methylation levels in individuals affected by age-related diseases. More and more studies are showing that even mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could be methylated. In particular, methylation of the mitochondrial displacement (D-loop) region modulates the gene expression and replication of mtDNA and, when altered, can contribute to the development of human illnesses. However, no study until now has demonstrated an association between circulating biomarkers of one-carbon metabolism and D-loop methylation levels. Methods: In the study presented herein, we searched for associations between circulating one-carbon metabolism biomarkers, including folate, homocysteine, and vitamin B12, and the methylation levels of the D-loop region in DNA obtained from the peripheral blood of 94 elderly voluntary subjects. Results: We observed a positive correlation between D-loop methylation and vitamin B12 (r = 0.21; p = 0.03), while no significant correlation was observed with folate (r = 0.02; p = 0.80) or homocysteine levels (r = 0.02; p = 0.82). Moreover, D-loop methylation was increased in individuals with high vitamin B12 levels compared to those with normal vitamin B12 levels (p = 0.04). Conclusions: This is the first study suggesting an association between vitamin B12 circulating levels and mtDNA methylation in human subjects. Given the potential implications of altered one-carbon metabolism and mitochondrial epigenetics in human diseases, a deeper understanding of their interaction could inspire novel interventions with beneficial effects for human health.
@Roger Schon möglich, aber zumindest im Zytotoxizitäts-Assay haben die Substanzen sehr gut abgeschnitten.... Welche konkreten Nebenwirkungen erwartest du?
Zitat von Prometheus im Beitrag #409@Roger Schon möglich, aber zumindest im Zytotoxizitäts-Assay haben die Substanzen sehr gut abgeschnitten.... Welche konkreten Nebenwirkungen erwartest du?
Evtl. bezog er sich auf diesen Abschnitt:
ZitatDespite the evidence of the therapeutic effects of ATP derivatives, their efficacy remains controversial. Some reports suggest that ATP administration is ineffective as a pharmaceutical agent because of the limited blood stability of adenosine derivatives and the lack of cell membrane permeability of the negatively charged phosphate groups, hindering entry into cells. Furthermore, cells recognize extracellular ATP as an inflammatory signal. To minimize side effects, ATP administration techniques include drug delivery methods that encapsulate ATP in microparticles such as liposomes, micelles, and nanospheres21. Nevertheless, these approaches have limited utilization and applicability in the treatment of age-related diseases. Owing to the difficulty of increasing intracellular ATP concentrations, the long-term effects of ATP administration as a drug remain unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to develop the world’s first prodrug with enhanced biological stability and cellular permeability of adenosine phosphate, capable of stimulating AXP (adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and ATP)-associated metabolic pathways, boosting mitochondrial respiration, ATP production, and reducing aging
es geht konkret um diese Substanzen und ich sehe das kritisch: mononucleoside analogs as a class of nucleoside-based antivirals, such as Sofosbuvir and Remdesivir, targeting hepatitis C virus23, and COVID-1924.
Fission: Mitochondrien teilen sich, die resultierenden neuen Mitochondrien sind oft kleiner und ggf. fragmentierter
Fusion: Wie der Name schon vermuten lässt, fusionieren hier zwei Mitochondrien und können ihr genetisches Material austauschen.
Mit zunehmendem Alter gibt es mehr Fission und weniger Fusion:
Aging shifts mitochondrial dynamics toward fission to promote germline stem cell loss
ZitatChanges in mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) are known to occur during stem cell differentiation; however, the role of this phenomenon in tissue aging remains unclear. Here, we report that mitochondrial dynamics are shifted toward fission during aging of Drosophila ovarian germline stem cells (GSCs), and this shift contributes to aging-related GSC loss. We found that as GSCs age, mitochondrial fragmentation and expression of the mitochondrial fission regulator, Dynamin-related protein (Drp1), are both increased, while mitochondrial membrane potential is reduced. Moreover, preventing mitochondrial fusion in GSCs results in highly fragmented depolarized mitochondria, decreased BMP stemness signaling, impaired fatty acid metabolism, and GSC loss. Conversely, forcing mitochondrial elongation promotes GSC attachment to the niche. Importantly, maintenance of aging GSCs can be enhanced by suppressing Drp1 expression to prevent mitochondrial fission or treating with rapamycin, which is known to promote autophagy via TOR inhibition. Overall, our results show that mitochondrial dynamics are altered during physiological aging, affecting stem cell homeostasis via coordinated changes in stemness signaling, niche contact, and cellular metabolism. Such effects may also be highly relevant to other stem cell types and aging-induced tissue degeneration.
-Idebenon -Menadion -Olifen -Bernsteinsäure -Dimefosfon -NAC (N-Acetylcystein) -Emoxypin und Mexidol -Ethylmethylhydroxypyridin-Succinat -Meldonium -Thiotriazolin -Angiolin -Benzodiazepine -Östrogene und selektive Östrogenrezeptor-Modulatoren -Neuropeptide
Die Frage ist, welche dieser Substanzen nicht nur Erfolgsaussichten bei cerebraler Ischämie hat, sondern vor allem auch auf die altersbedingte mitochondriale Dysfunktion überzeugend wirkt. Damit meine ich: Positive Einflüsse auf die Gesundheits- und/oder Lebensspanne von Säugetieren.
der Wirkstoff Tetrazepam (Benzos) und NAC wären evtl. sehr gut geeignet. Tetrazepam (Tetrazepam haltige Medikamente sind in der EU seit dem 1.8.2013 außer Handel) verbessert die Schlafqualität erheblich, so dass die Schäden in der Nacht repariert werden können und NAC fördert u.a. die Bildung von Glutathion (höhere antioxidative Kapazität).
der Wirkstoff Tetrazepam (Benzos) und NAC wären evtl. sehr gut geeignet. Tetrazepam (Tetrazepam haltige Medikamente sind in der EU seit dem 1.8.2013 außer Handel) verbessert die Schlafqualität erheblich, so dass die Schäden in der Nacht repariert werden können und NAC fördert u.a. die Bildung von Glutathion (höhere antioxidative Kapazität).
VG
Roger
Benzos haben aber doch auch Suchtpotenzial oder ist es bei diesen Tabletten nicht gegeben?