#1 Eine sehr lesenswerte Webseite. Ich zitiere mal einige wichtige Passagen:
"Everolimus is a poison when give 1 mg every 12 hours; but Everolimus is not a poison when give 5 mg once a week. Rapamycin is a poison when given 2 mg or 5 mg once a day; but not a poison at 3 mg or 6 mg once a week. "
"I would certainly welcome formal research studies on the best dose and best interval and I expect to see those results in about 50 years from now. "
"In my practice, I consider the proper anti-aging dose of rapamycin to be 2-6 mg, and the proper interval 1-3 weeks. So the most conservative anti-aging dose would be 2 mg once every 3 weeks."
David M. Sabatini, einer der bgenadesten Forscher über das Thema Rapamycin, gesteht in diesem wahrhaftig epischen Podcast mit Peter Attia und Tim Ferriss ebenfalls 3 mg Rapamycin je Woche als seine persönliche Dosis:
ZitatStrategic Considerations: why carry out studies if no one listens?
The almost paranoid fear of any side-effects has led to the initiation of large Metformin (Met) studies in favour of the vastly superior drug Rapa. Met is safer, it is argued. Many people, however, fail to understand that we are not playing a normal game of drug development here. Due to Täuber's paradox the potential benefits of a real anti-aging drug are a lot higher than for e.g. chemoprevention like aspirin or weak agents like metformin, which greatly shifts the risk/benefit ratio. Seriously, the effect is large, it might be easily an order of magnitude more effective for net healthspan to address aging vs disease.
The large TAME study of metformin will cost 50 million dollars but why aren't we spending even a fraction of that money on the only real anti-aging drug: rapamycin?
No one is saying to rush into a billion dollar rapamycin study, not necessarily. When I say paranoia regarding side-effects, it means that researchers literally refuse to study rapamycin in humans at all. I haven't seen any aging-related pilot studies so I think this is a good approximation of the state of the art. Quoting Kaeberlein (2):
To date, only one study has been performed assessing the impact of a rapamycin derivative on healthy aging in people. In this trial, it was observed that 6 weeks of treatment with the rapamycin derivative RAD001 (everolimus) was sufficient to enhance function of the aged immune system, as assessed by response to an influenza vaccine (Mannick et al. 2014). This recapitulates what was observed in elderly mice (Chen et al. 2009), and suggests that at least some of the mechanisms by which rapamycin delays aging in mice work similarly in humans. Although both compounds have essentially identical biological activities, RAD001 was used in this study instead of rapamycin because the study was funded by Novartis, who holds the patent rights for RAD001 (rapamycin is now off patent and sold as a generic drug). (my understanding is there are no trials of rapa, except one with a derivative, see also below)
Some more summaries of rapa research, no evidence for reasonable human studies. Clinicaltrials-gov searches basically confirm the story that almost no one studies rapa.
Yet it would be trivial to find patients who give informed consent. Heck, you could find thousands of people who would pay you to be part of a rapamycin study. The anti-aging community is huge. Micro-dosing and intermittent dosing would be great paradigms to start...
While I am open to rapamycin criticism, I think the current underfunding of humana rapa research is untenable. Alas, fear rules this planet and fear rules research and funding decisions.
Ein neues interessantes Paper von Blagoskonny. Seine aktuellste cutting-edge NEM-Empfehlung (eigentlich alles Arzneimittel) für Anti-Aging-Zwecke:
Zitat Rapamycin-based mixtures:
A. Rapamycin plus metformin (especially in insulin-resistant and obese people, metformin is indicated).
B. Rapamycin plus Lisinopril (or other angiotensin II-inhibitor) plus propranolol. Like in Polypill, these prescription drugs may be used at ½ doses in normotensive individuals. Hypertensive patients may require full doses.
C. Rapamycin plus Statin (such as lovastatin, simvastatin and atorvastatin)
D. Rapamycin plus Statin plus metformin. This combination with rapamycin may be the most attractive for people with metabolic alterations: hyperlipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance.
E. Rapamycin plus polypill-like combination (Lisinopril, propranolol, aspirin, statin). This is especially attractive in people with atherosclerosis given that rapamycin prevents atherosclerosis too.
F. Rapamycin plus Lisinopril (or other Angiotensin II-inhibitor) + propranolol + aspirin + statin + metformin + PDE5inhibitor. This is a comprehensive 7-drug combination. Doses and schedules
In the 7-drug anti-aging combination, rapamycin, metformin, lisinopril (or its equivalent), a statin, a PDE5 inhibitor and propranolol are prescription drugs (in the USA). So I will not discuss doses and schedules here. They should be determined for each individual individually. Polypill composition provides the hint on doses of 4 drugs in healthy individuals. The doses of rapamycin are beyond the scope of this article. Mixtures of anti-aging drugs should be further complemented with physical exercise and low-calorie diet or intermittent diet. Additional drugs such as melatonin may be considered. The 7-drug combination can be tested in mice, especially in mice on high fat diet and in cancer-prone mice. If started late in life, the experiments will take just several months to evaluate the effect on lifespan and cancer incidence as well as weight, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, triglycerides and leptin. In humans, the treatment program can be initiated regardless of any pre-clinical studies, because all 7 drugs are approved for human use and some of them such as aspirin and statin are widely used for disease prevention anyway. The only what is needed is to watch for side effects. Especially, heart rate, blood pressure and glucose levels should be monitored.
Eine Anmerkung: Derartige Low-Dose-Kombinations-Ansätze sind sicherlich sehr interessant und vielversprechend. Allerdings wissen wir aus Mäusestudien, dass man sich durch derartige Kombinationen (in Standarddosierung) die Lebenszeit durchaus auch VERKÜRZEN kann. Siehe z. B. hier:
Die wichtigste Take-Home-Message:-Die gleichzeitige Gabe von aspirin, metformin, everolimus, ramipril, simvastatin, metoprolol in Standard-Dosierung VERKÜRZT (!) dramatisch die Lebenszeit der Tiere!-Die selbe Kombination Low-Dose (!) verlängert das Mäuserichleben um bis zu 23%, allerdings hatte die Studie zu wenig Tiere um eine statistische Signifikanz zu erreichen.
Olivenblattextrakt, genauer gesagt: Oleuropein: der kleine Bruder von Rapamycin! Rezeptfrei erhältlich in der Naturapotheke.
Zitat Oleuropein potently inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin: possible involvement of tandem anomeric hyperconjugation–Michael reaction
The reported anti-cancer properties of oleuropein combined with the recently elucidated role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in various cancers, suggested the possibility that oleuropein inhibits mTOR. To validate this hypothesis, we docked oleuropein into the ATP-binding pocket of a close mTOR protein homolog, namely PI3K-γ. Apparently, oleuropein shared at least six critical binding interactions with the potent dual PIK3-γ/mTOR natural inhibitor quercetin. Subsequent experimental validation indicated that oleuropein indeed inhibited the enzymatic activity of mTOR with an IC50 value of 0.905 µM. Lineweaver–Burk plot showed that oleuropein inhibits mTOR via mixed competitive/noncompetitive mechanism suggesting that inhibition is mediated, at least partially, by covalent bonding to mTOR binding pocket. Our findings strongly suggest that mTOR inhibition is at least one of the reasons for the reported anti-cancer properties of oleuropein.
Nicht unbedingt. Olivenblätter weisen einen Oleuropeingehalt zwischen 10 und 100 mg/kg auf. Ein Aufguß mit einem pulverisierter EL wären also im Idealfall bereits 100 bis 1000 mg des wasserlöslichen Oleuropein.
Zitat von Scout im Beitrag #65Nicht unbedingt. Olivenblätter weisen einen Oleuropeingehalt zwischen 10 und 100 mg/kg auf. Ein Aufguß mit einem pulverisierter EL wären also im Idealfall bereits 100 bis 1000 mg des wasserlöslichen Oleuropein.
Verstehe ich nicht. Bei einem Gehalt von 10-100 mg pro kg kommt bei einem EL 100 - 1000 mg herum? Stehe ich auf dem Schlauch? Kannst Du mir das erklären?
Die Konzentration von Oleuropein in vitro um mTOR um 50% zu hemmen lag übrigens bei 22 mg/L. Also sollte ein EL schon recht potent wirken wenn die Absorbtionsrate im Darm hoch genug ist- letzere dürfte der entscheidende Faktor werden.
In der Zellkultur schützt Rampamycin die Bandscheiben-Stammzellen:
Rapamycin prevents the intervertebral disc degeneration via inhibiting differentiation and senescence of annulus fibrosus cells. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/29348392
#69 #70 Das finde ich echt interessant! Es ist ja vermutlich eine Art Autoimmunkrankheit, wenn bei manchen Menschen die Knorpel sehr schlecht sind. Gibt es schon Ärzte die es anwenden bei Kreuzschmerzen oder Knieschmerzen?
ZitatGibt es schon Ärzte die es anwenden bei Kreuzschmerzen oder Knieschmerzen?
Vermutlich nicht, noch ist das alles präklinische Forschung.
Außerdem bezweifele ich, dass Rapamycin bei Knorpelschäden effektiv ist - es VERHINDERT eher die Regeneration! Rapamycin wäre eher ein Kandidat für eine anti-entzündliche Prävention.
Studie über Creatin als Ketamin-Alternative bei schweren Deperessionen - hier bei Mäusen künstlich durch Glucocorticoid-Gabe induziert. Creatin und Ketamin wirken beide effektiv gegen diese Form von "affektiver Störung". Gleichzeitige Rapamycin-Gabe verhindert diesen kurativen Effekt!
Creatine, Similar to Ketamine, Counteracts Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by Corticosterone via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway.
Ketamine has emerged as a novel strategy to treat refractory depression, producing rapid remission, but elicits some side effects that limit its use. In an attempt to investigate a safer compound that may afford an antidepressant effect similar to ketamine, this study examined the effects of the ergogenic compound creatine in a model of depression, and the involvement of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway in its effect. In order to induce a depressive-like behavior, mice were administered with corticosterone (20 mg/kg, per os (p.o.)) for 21 days. This treatment increased immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST), an effect abolished by a single administration of creatine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or ketamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), but not by fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o., conventional antidepressant). Treatment of mice with wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor, 0.1 μg/site, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)) or rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor, 0.2 nmol/site, i.c.v.) abolished the anti-immobility effect of creatine and ketamine. None of the treatments affected locomotor activity of mice. The immunocontents of p-mTOR, p-p70S6 kinase (p70S6K), and postsynaptic density-95 protein (PSD95) were increased by creatine and ketamine in corticosterone or vehicle-treated mice. Moreover, corticosterone-treated mice presented a decreased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, an effect abolished by creatine or ketamine. Altogether, the results indicate that creatine shares with ketamine the ability to acutely reverse the corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior by a mechanism dependent on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and modulation of the synaptic protein PSD95 as well as BDNF in the hippocampus, indicating the relevance of targeting these proteins for the management of depressive disorders. Moreover, we suggest that creatine should be further investigated as a possible fast-acting antidepressant.
Anmerkung: Glucocorticoide sind meines Wissens nach bei praktisch jeder depressiven Störung chronisch erhöht (HPA-Axis/chronische Neuroinflammatio). Rapamycin ist, wie hier mehrfach beschrieben, wirklich nichts zum drauflos-probieren!
Long term rapamycin treatment improves mitochondrial DNA quality in aging mice
Zitat Highlights
•Age-induced mitochondrial DNA deletions may cause cell loss and tissue aging. •Long term rapamycin treatment reduces mtDNA deletions and ETC deficient fibers. •Dietary restriction reduces deletions and ETC deficient fibers as previously shown in rats. •Enhanced mtDNA quality may contribute to the lifespan extending effects of rapamycin.
Kommentar Prometheus: Eigentlich werden mTOR-Hemmer derzeit zur Unterdrückung des Immunsystems in hoher Dosis klinisch eingesetzt. In niedriger Dosis (gegen Inflam-Aging) wird das gealterte Immunsystem hingegen GESTÄRKT!